This paper shows how the simultaneous use of multipurpose loop coils in MRI allows high-resolution musculoskeletal studies with increased contrast and specificity for assessing muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and cartilage. Dr. Ferrer presents a number of different daily patient routine examinations, including specifically evaluation of the carpal bones, the thumb metacarpals, the metacarpals, the distal inter-phalangeal joints, the elbow and ankle.
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This 69-year-old man presented to the angiography department with a single episode of amaurosis fugax 6 months ago. Since that time he has been treated with thrombocyte aggregation inhibitors. Clinical symptomatology includes headaches and vertigo.
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Because it has been proven that there is a link between the development of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) and the application of high volumes of magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents in patients with impaired renal function, interest in non-contrast-enhanced techniques for MR angiography has experienced a renaissance.
This set of images presents 5 different techniques for imaging the carotid bifurcation, one of the most critical and commonly diseased vascular regions within the entire arterial system. Except one (D), for best comparability, all exams were acquired with the same spatial resolution of 0.9 x 0.9 x 0.9 mm3 at 3 T (Magnetom Verio, Siemens Medical Solutions).
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3D dynamic imaging has been available since the late 90s. The speed of dynamic imaging was subsequently improved due to advances in gradient design, for example current 40 mT/m gradients. Since then, dynamic imaging has gone through several changes and improvements, including the implementation of parallel imaging, and more recently, the new k-space coverage now available with TWIST (a 4D MRA application). TWIST achieves significant improvements in temporal and spatial resolution and faster tracking of dynamic processes relative to the other versions of dynamic imaging introduced earlier. TWIST offers a practical, flexible, and elegant way to perform sub-second, time-sequential 3D measurements, both at 1.5 T and 3 T. This can be used in combination with contrast injection to provide dynamic clinical information, including the evaluation of abnormal vascular anatomy as well as vascular hemodynamics, and perfusion measurements.
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